Blood Chem Lab

Blood Chem Lab #1

1. What is the average RPM and time to centrifuge a whole blood

sample to separate plasma from the cells?

______________RPM ______________Minutes

2.Identify the mode of action of each of the listed anticoagulants:

Vacutainer Tubes

Anticoagulant Action

Heparin ____________________________________

EDTA ____________________________________

Oxalate ____________________________________

Fluoride ____________________________________

3. Explain enzyme action and how enzymes are measured in the

laboratory?

4. List the species specificity for the following liver enzyme assays?

Assay Species

ALT ____________________

AST ____________________

SD ____________________

GD ____________________

AP ____________________

GGT ____________________

5. Which liver function test measures the conjugated products from

hemoglobin breakdown? ________________________________

6. After observing the IDEXX demonstration method of BUN

determination, record the results below:

____________________________ mg/dl

7. Answer the following questions:

1. Which process results in testing outside the body the blood

chemistries to obtain diagnostic results of disease?

A) in vivo

B) in vitro

C) exogenous

D) endogenous

2. What is room temperature in celsius degrees?

A) 10

B) 20

C) 30

D) 40

3. Blood samples should be centrifuged at what PRM and

time for plasma separation?

A) 20 min at 1500 RPM

B) 10 min at 1500 RPM

C) 20 min at 4000 RPM

D) 10 min at 2000 RPM

4. Which of the following anticoagulants will eventually break

down and clotting will occur within a few hours at room

temperature?

A) EDTA

B) citrate

C) fluoride

D) heparin

5. Serum is plasma with which component missing?

A) albumin

B) globulin

C) fibrinogen

D) calcium

6. Serum samples are collected with which type of blood

collecting tube?

A) heparinized

B) EDTA added

C) citrate added

D) no anticoagulant

7. What procedure is recommended to allow blood to clot

following collection?

A) shake thoroughly to mix well

B) store at refrigerated temperature until clotted

C) allow blood to remain at room temperature until clotted

D) centrifuge immediately and collect serum

8. Which is the anticoagulant of choice for blood chemistries?

A) EDTA

B) calcium

C) heparin

D) citrate

9. What concentration of heparin is recommended to prevent

clotting?

A) 5 units/ml

B) 10 units/ml

C) 20 units/ml

D) 100 units/ml

10. Which anticoagulant will alter cell morphology the least?

A) heparin

B) citrate

C) fluoride

D) EDTA

11. Which of the anticoagulants is best known for glucose

preservation?

A) oxalate

B) citrate

C) fluoride

D) EDTA

12. What is the amount of fluid yield from a normal canine

10 ml blood sample?

A) 5 ml

B) 7 ml

C) 8 ml

D) 2 ml

13. What factors can cause hemolysis of a blood sample?

A) moist syringe

B) mixing too vigorously

C) force transfer

D) all the above

14. What precaution is needed in collecting blood placed in

a previously used test tube?

A) must be sterile

B) must be free of detergents or chemicals

C) must be clear glass

D) must be free of fingerprints

15. What information is needed on the blood sample to be tested?

A) name

B) date

C) patient

D) all the above

16. What condition will cause a blood sample to be lipemia

(turbid or cloudy)?

A) 24 hour fast

B) excessive water intake

C) decreases exercise

D) recent feeding

17. Enzymes are composed of what biomolecule?

A) proteins

B) carbohydrate

C) lipids

D) nucleic acids

18. An increase in serum enzymes will indicate what

likely occurrence within the body?

A) dehydration

B) starvation

C) cell damage

D) inflammation

19. Which method is used to measure enzyme activity within

a chemical analysis?

A) kinetic method

B) chemical reaction

C) end product weight

D) heat produced

20. Which factors inhibit enzyme activity?

A) low temperature

B) accelerated high temperature

C) ultraviolet light

D) all the above

21. Most assays for enzyme activity are performed between

what two temperatures?

A) 10‑20 C

B) 20‑30 C

C) 30‑40 C

D) 40‑50 C

22. What are the reportable units of enzyme activity?

A) gm/dl

B) mU/ml

C) mg%

D) calories

23. Which enzyme test is used to support hepatocellular damage?

A) BUN

B) ALT

C) glucose

D) hemoglobin

24. In what species is ALT a major source of enzyme to

determine tissue damage?

A) dogs, cats, and horses

B) dogs, pigs, horses

C) cats, dogs, primates

D) horses, cows, pigs

25. AST analysis is previously known as what chemical

blood test?

A) SGPT

B) ALT

C) SGOT

D) AP

26. Which enzyme test is especially useful in diagnosing

large animal hepatocellular disease?

A) ALT

B) AST

C) GD

D) SD

27. Which enzyme test will elevate with osteoblastic activity?

A) ALT

B) SD

C) GGT

D) AP

28. What enzyme test is helpful in determining cholestasis

in cats?

A) ALT

B) AST

C) SD

D) AP

29. Bilirubin is basically a chemical test for what organ system?

A) kidney

B) pancreas

C) adrenal

D) liver

30. What is the parent compound which is degraded to

obtain bilirubin?

A) cholesterol

B) triglyceride

C) hemoglobin

D) gamma globulin

31. What organ is responsible for the production of blood

urea nitrogen?

A) kidney

B) liver

C) pancreas

D) adrenal

32. Blood urea nitrogen is the metabolic end product of what

biomolecule?

A) lipid

B) carbohydrate

C) protein

D) nucleic acids

33. What is another kidney function test other than BUN?

A) glucose

B) trypsin

C) creatinine

D) sorbitol

34. Which blood chemistry tests are used to evaluated

pancreas function?

A) lipase, amylase, trypsin, glucose

B) gastrin, pepsin, trypsin, BUN

C) glucose, CCK, bilirubin, cholesterol

D) amylase, sorbitol, pepsin, bile

35. Which blood chemistry test can be used to evaluate damage

to cardiac muscle?

A) BUN

B) amylase

C) lactate dehydrogenase

D) aspartate aminotransferase

36. Which blood chemical is used to screen for hypothyroidism?

A) LDH

B) ALT

C) CK

D) cholesterol

37. Plasma proteins are helpful in determining which condition

in the canine?

A) obesity

B) inflammation

C) dehydration

D) blood type

38. Which blood component will bind with anesthetics?

A) triglyceride

B) plasma protein

C) hemoglobin

D) glucose

39. What is a classic determination used to evaluated

plasma protein?

A) biuret method

B) Benedict's test

C) coagulation method

D) Lee‑White test

40. What is a major role of albumin in the blood?

A) provides toxin removal

B) basis for osmotic pressure of blood

C) relieves kidneys of glomerular filtrate

D) antibody protection

41. Alpha globulins are synthesized by what body organ?

A) liver

B) kidney

C) stomach

D) pancreas

42. What is the primary function of alpha globulins?

A) transfer iron

B) produce antibodies

C) transport and bind proteins

D) electrolyte balance

43. Which of the blood proteins a components of transferrin?

A) alpha globulin

B) beta globulin

C) gamma globulin

D) immunoglobulin

44. Which of the protein groups are classified as HDL and VLDL?

A) alpha proteins

B) beta proteins

C) gamma proteins

D) immune proteins

45. Which of the protein groups are immunoglobins?

A) alpha

B) beta

C) gamma

D) albumin

46. What organ is responsible for the production of fibrinogen?

A) kidney

B) liver

C) adrenal

D) thyroid

47. What are the electrolytes of the blood?

A) proteins

B) mineral

C) vitamins

D) hormones

48. What is the major cation of the blood electrolytes?

A) Ca

B) Mg

C) K

D) Na

49. Which is the major intracellular cation of the body?

A) Na

B) K

C) P

D) Ca

50. What is the major anion of the blood electrolytes?

A) sodium bicarbonate

B) urea nitrogen

C) chloride

D) fluoride